Small molecules are the basis of classic drug development. These small molecules can be processed into drug dosage forms like tablets, capsules or syrups. These...

Large molecules or biologics are regarded as therapeutic proteins with an increasing significance in the medical field. The production of these macromolecules f...

Antibody-drug conjugates or ADCs represent an innovative therapeutic application that combines the unique, high specificity, properties and antitumor activity o...

Compounding is the art and science of preparing personalized medications for patients. The compounded medications are prepared based on a medical/dental doctor’...

Nuclear Medicine/Radiopharmacy is the branch of the profession that involves the manufacture and supply of safe and effective radiopharmaceuticals (radioactive...

The potential for nanomaterials to pose health or safety hazards is greater if the nanomaterials are easily dispersed (such as in powders, sprays, or droplets)...

The concept of biocontainment in relation to laboratory biosafety and pertains to microbiology laboratories in which the physical containment of highly pathoge...

Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) and Good Clinical Practices (GCP) must be properly observed for the quality control of any d...

The cytotoxicity of High Potency Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (HPAPIs), however, presents handling challenges and requires heavy investment in specialized...

Cleanroom environments used for the production of medical devices are expected to meet the design specification in ISO 14644-4. Medical Device Cleanrooms are ty...

Dr. Albert Kligman of the University of Pennsylvania is described as the father of cosmeceuticals, a term he popularized. Cosmeceuticals are hybrid products whi...

Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) or consumer packaged goods (CPG) are products that are sold quickly and at relatively low cost. Packaging is critical for FMCG...

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a management system in which food safety is addressed through the analysis and control of biological, chemical...

The Chemical Industries Association Dyes Sector group has established a system of hazard classification for all kinds of coating and colorants. They classified...

This is an industry that encompasses three main segments which include functional foods, dietary supplements, and herbal/natural products. The major concerns fo...

In the manufacture of high-end electronics, especially in semiconductor manufacturing, the immediate presence of operators has always been an unacceptable sourc...

From research to military and defense procedures, glove boxes are utilize in controlled environments for the handling of radioactive materials.

The automotive industry encompasses companies and activities involving manufacture of motor vehicles which include components such as engines and bodies, exclud...

These cleanrooms are designed to maintain temperature, humidity, particulate, static and pressure levels. Typically, temperature and humidity as well as particu...

In the case of nuclear applications, containment confines the material being worked upon and prevents the spread of toxic or radioactive contamination to the wo...

Cell and gene therapy or most commonly known as regenerative medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with restoring the structure and function of damaged ti...